Perhimpunan Rasmi, 22 Julai 2013

Punctuality

Isu lewat sampai ke sekolah adalah antara isu bukan sahaja dalam kalangan pelajar prauniversiti bahkan seluruh warga anak didik di tingkatan 1 hingga tingkatan 5. Namun,  masalah ini tidak sepatutnya berlanjutan dalam kalangan pelajar prauniversiti yang merupakan pelajar berumur antara 18 hingga 19 tahun malah ada yang berumur 20 tahun ke atas. Disebabkan isu ni agak merosakkan imej prauniversiti maka pusat prauniversiti kan melaksanakan tindakan yang lebih tegas terutamanya kepada pelajar yang lewat sampai ke sekolah. Tindakan yang lebih tegas wajar dilakukan demi membetulkan situasi yang kurang menyenangkan ini.

Menghormati

Pelajar diingatkan agar sentiasa menunjukkan hormat kepada semua warga pendidik sekolah sama ada yang mengajar di kampus prauniversiti mahupun di aliran perdana.

Penyampaian Watikah Pelantikan MPP Baharu

Pengenalan dan penyampaian sijil atau watikah pelantikan kepada barisan MPP telah dilaksanakan dengan lancar. Dalam ucapannya Penyelaras Hal Ehwal Pelajar En. Lary Charles menegaskan bahawa tanggungjawab memartabatkan lagi kampus prauniversiti akan digalas bersama dengan kepimpinan baharu MPP. Beliau turut merakamkan penghargaan kepada barisan MPP terdahulu yang diketuai oleh adik Valerie Ann Jamir. Barisan MPP baharu akan dipimpin oleh adik Anwar Jaini dari Senior 1. Simbolik dilakukan dengan pemakaian blazer MPP kepada YDP MPP baharu, diikuti oleh penyerahan fail MPP.

Amanat Penolong Kanan Prauniversiti

1. Pertemuan kokurikulum pada hari ini ialah AKAL. Pada jam 2 - 2.30 petang semua pelajar bersama penasihat akan berada di dewan mini kampus untuk sesi pendaftaran dan pewujudan organisasi kelab masingmasing. Selepas itu, seingga 3.30 pelajar akn memeurnikan lagi WALL OF KNOWLEDGE kelas masing-masing serta papan kenyataan yang lain.

2. Pada jam 2 petang juga akan dijalankanpenyerahan tali leher ksusnya kepada pelajar-pelajar lelaki. Vase juga akan disampaikan minggu hadapan, dan akan dipakai pada setiap hari persekolahan.

Dapatan Tinjauan Literasi ICT dalam kalangan pelajar prauniversiti

Laporan tinjauan literasi internet dalam kalangan pelajar prauniversiti kampus smk tambunan.

Metod:
Obervasi dan analisis ringkas dilakukan terhadap kumpulan/group Facebook iaitu PRE_USS SEMENTA SOCIETY.

Finding:
Seramai 241 ahli PREUSS, setakat 15 Julai 2013. Mereka turut terdiri daripada alumni kampus prauniversiti SMK Tambunan. Seramai 6 orang ahli baharu mendaftar pada minggu lepas aka minggu 25.
Dari segi gender, didapati bahawa lebih 36 peratus ahli adalah terdiri daripada pelajar perempuan manakala selebihnya ialah pelajar lelaki.

Diskusi:
Berbanding dengan jumlah pelajar prauniversiti dalam 3 tahun kebelakangan ini, didapati bahawa jumlah keahlian adalah masih sedikit. Pada tahun 2013, 2012 dan 2011 terdapat lebih kurang 380 orang pelajar prauniversiti SMK Tambunan. Ini menunjukkan bayhawa lebih daripada 60 peratus pelajar telah berkemahiran mengakses internet. Angka ini berkemungkinan tidak menunjukkan bahawa bilangan pelajar yang selebihnya tidak tahu atauntidak mempunyai literasi internet.

Tinjauan turut menunjukkan bahawa hampir dua kali ganda pelajar yang aktif  dengan internet adalah terdiri daripada lelaki. Dapatan tinjauan ini menunjukkan kontradiksi dengan komposisi jantina pelajar prauniversiti di sini. Didapati bahawa lebih separuh daripada pelajar prauniversiti terdiri daripada wanita.

Cadangan:
Tinjauan ini adalah agak umum. Dicadangkan agar ada rakan-rakan pendidik atau pelajar yang akan menjalankan kajian lanjut berkaitan topik ini. Kajian sedemikian adalah relevan dan seiring dengan peningkatan ilmu dan kaedah pedagogi pendidikan pada masa kini.

By Jenius Gadiman , Jabatan Pengajian Am, PPU SMK Tambunan.
16 Julai 2013.

*******

Perhimpunan Rasmi, 8.7.2012:- Pelajar diseru agar membiasakan diri dengan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT). Ini kerana kemahiran ICT kini menjadi satu keperluan dalam hidup sehari-hari.

Perkara ini ditekankan lagi oleh pensyarah bertugas minggu ke-25 (Jenius Gadiman). Beliau menyeru agar semua pelajar prauniversiti mengaktifkan diri melayari internet untuk mendapatkan pelbagai maklumat berguna. Pelajar juga tidak boleh lari dari menggunakan internet kerana para warga pendidik semakin kerap menyampaikan perkongsian ilmu, maklumat serta tugasan-tugasan melalui kemudahan internet.

Pelajar disarankan mengunjungi laman web sekolah serta laman web prauniversiti, di samping mengahlikan diri di kumpulan FaceBOok khas untukmprauniversiti iaitu PRE_USS Preuniversity Sementa Society.

Kombura Discovery:- Kemahiran melayari internet suatu keperluan sama ada dalam bidang pelajaran mahupun kerjaya.

Strategi pelaksanaan:
- penerangan dan penegasan semasa perhimpunan rasmi
- post on this theme or topic posted in the group
- analisis terhadap frekuensi mengunjungi atau melihat post dalam internet (fb). Kiraan terhadap hit
 'like' dan 'seen'.
- analysis results presented  on next Tuesday, July 15th during formal assembly (preuniversity)
- continouos follow-up

DASAR

(Bahan dari web, tk)

http://cgpengajianam.blogspot.com/2012/03/pengajian-am-1-dasar-luar-negara.html

Dasar Luar Negara

Maksud:Kawasan perdagangan bebas ASEAN, Wujudkan perdagangan bebas, Hapuskan halangan perdagangan(tariff/cukai), Tariff dimansuhkan, Harga produk diturunkan untuk bersaing, Daya saing ditingkatkan untuk bersaing, Kesannya bersaing dengan produk negara jiran	AFTAće
Kerjasama serantau Menjamin keamanan Menjamin kestabilan politik Kerjasama pendidikan Kerjasama kesihatan Kerjasama politik melalui Mesyuarat Menteri luar ASEAN, Kerjasama sosio-budaya melalui Mesyuarat Menteri Luar ASEAN, Pembangunan ekonomi serantau, Pertikaian diselesaikan secara rundingan, Kerjasama ekonomi antara negara anggota, Bekerjasama bendung kegiatan edar dadah, Sependapat dalam isu antarabangsa	ASEAN
Pesta filem ASEAN Bengkel  lukisan dan muzik	ASEAN-KERJASAMA BUDAYA DAN S0SIAL
Pengkhususan projek perindustrian spt fabrikasi tembaga(filipina)Vaksin (Singapura)Lombong garam(Thailand)Baja Urea(Indonesia), Pendirian yang sama tentang isu ekonomi antarabangsa, Wujudkan peraturan istimewa dalam kalangan negara anggota, Kerjasama ekonomi terjejas kerana negara anggota lebih pentingkan domestik daripada ASEAN	ASEAN-KERJASAMA EKONOMI
Jepun kurangkan tariff atas 1653 barangan, Beri AS 22 juta kepada tabung kebudayaan ASEAN, Jepun melabur di negara ASEAN	ASEAN-KERJASAMA DENGAN JEPUN
Terbentuk komuniti keselamatan ASEAN, Terbentuk PIAGAM ASEAN	ASEAN –SIDANG KEMUNCAK DI KL -2005
Pembangunan saintifik,teknikal,sosial dan sumber	AEAN +3
Perjuangkan perdagangan bebas bagi negara anggotanya, pasaran terbuka bagi negara anggotanya, Kerjasama ekonomi antara negara anggota, Kerjasama ekonomi antara negara serantau, Sependapat dalam isu antarabangsa, Memerangi rasuah(sidang di CHILE) Memerangi keganasan(KOREA SELATAN)	APEC(KERJASAMA ekonomi ASIA PASIFIK)
Berdagang dengan semua negara, Berdagang dengan semua ideologi, Berdagang kerana ekonomi	DASAR LUAR  MALAYSIA
Dasar pro barat dan anti komunis, Dasar berkecuali, Dasar berhubung dengan negara Islam dan serantau, Dasar berhubung dengan negara kecil	DASAR LUAR MALAYSIA
Hubungan erat dengan negara jiran, Hubungan ekonomi dengan negara lain, Hubungan budaya dengan negara lain, Hubungan dengan negara lain tanpa kira ideologi, Segala masalah diselesaikan di meja rundingan, Urusan tentang pendatang tanpa izin adalah tanggungjawab bersama,	DASAR LUAR MALAYSIA
Dasar luar dengan Afrika Selatan berubah setelah dasar apartheid dihapuskan, Hubungan diplomatik dengan Afrika Selatan selepas itu	DASAR LUAR MALAYSIA
Luaskan pasaran barangan eksport ASEAN, Stabilkan harga komoditi ASEAN,	DIALOG ASEAN-JEPUN-KANADA
Bincangkan tentang hutang negara membangun, Menarik pelabur asing melabur di negara membangun	DIALOG SELATAN SELATAN
Terhasilnya perjanjian getah asli antarabangsa, Terhasilnya GSTP-GLOBAL SYSTEM OF TRADE PREFERENCES	DIALOG UTARA SELATAN
Lindungi kuota eksport negara asia timur, Kerjasama ekonomi,saling menjual antara negara Asia Timur, Kekalkan sebagai sistem perdagangan bebaS dalam kalangan negara Asia timur,. Bekerjasama dalam saling menjual barangan antara negara asia timur,	EAEC(perundingan ekonomi asiab timur0
Kedudukan geografi Fahaman politik Negara anggota Komanwel Negara anggota PBB Berdagang untuk pembangunan ekonomi	FAKTOR DASAR LUAR
Stabilkan politik serantau Stabilkan keselamatan serantau	FORUM SERANTAU ASEAN(ARF)
Singapura jual semula air yang telah dirawat kepada Johor, Setiap seribu gelen air mentah dikenakan 3 sen	HUBUNGAN MALAYSIA-SINGAPURA
Persefahaman bagi memajukan serantau, Kerjasama dalam pelancongan dan inftrastruktur	SEGITIGA PERTUBUHAN INDONESIA MALAYSIA,THAILAD-IMT-GT,(utara) SEGITIGA PERTUBUHAN INDONESIA,MALAYSIA,SINGAPURA-IMS-GT(selatan)
Sungai Besi Pulau Bidong	KEM PELARIAN VIETNAM
Dituntut oleh China,Vietnam,Filipina,Malaysia	KEPULAUAN SPRATLEY  di Laut China Selatan
Negara anggotanya ialah negara sedang membangun, Masalah negara membangun ialah harga komoditi yang rendah dan tidak stabil, Masalah negara membangun ialah sekatan tariff dan bukan tariff oleh negara maju, Negara anggotanya ialah negara yang kurang maju, Negara anggotanya ialah negara pertanian, Malaysia berhubung dengan selatan-selatan kerana Dialog Utara Selatan tidak menguntungkan negara dunia Ke3, Malaysia sertai kerjasama selatan selatan kerana dialog utara selatan gagal, Kerjasama teknikal antara negara membangun, PBB,NAM,G77 terlibat melaksanakannya, Terbentuknya kumpulan 15/G15, Ibu pejabat Pusat pertukaran data pelaburan,perdagangan dan teknologi SELATAN –SITTDEC terletak di Malaysia	KERJASAMA SELATAN-SELATAN
Kerjasama ekonomi dengan negara serantau, Sebulat suara pada peringkat antarabangsa,	KESATUAN EROPAH/KOMUNITI EROPAH/EC
CHOGM-mesyuarat ketua-ketua kerajaan, CHOGM di Harare berikrar banteras dadah,melindungi prinsip demokrasi dan sahkan deklarasi Bangkok, Tingkatkan kualiti alam sekitar, Haramkan penggunaan senjata nuklear, Tentang dasar apartheid di afrika selatan	KOMANWEL
Kurangkan kemiskinan, Kurangkan jurang pendapatan, Bersatu dalam menghadapi isu ekonomi antarabangsa	KOMUNITI EKONOMI ASEAN
Tentang bekalan air mentah, Perebutan pulau batu putih	KONFLIK MALAYSIA-SINGAPURA
Negara anggotanya ialah negara sedang membangun, Masalah negara membangun ialah harga komoditi yang rendah dan tidak stabil, Masalah negara membangun ialah sekatan tariff dan bukan tariff oleh negara maju, Negara anggotanya ialah negara yang kurang maju, Negara anggotanya ialah negara pertanian, Berdialog dengan negara maju, Kerjasama dalam ekonomi antara negara anggota, Bekerjasama dalam meningkatkan produktiviti, Bantu negara anggota yang ada masalah ekonomi, Bantu negara anggota yang ada beban hutang, Bantu negara anggota tentang pertukaran mata wang asing yang tidak menentu, Kerjasama dalam pertukaran maklumat, Kerjasama dalam pertukaran data	KUMPULAn G-15
Negara anggotanya ialah negara sedang membangun, Negara anggotanya ialah negara yang kurang maju, Negara anggotanya ialah negara pertanian, Menghadapi masalah hutang, Menghadapi masalah untuk kerjasama ekonomi dengan negara maju, Berdialog dengan negara maju, Kerjasama dalam ekonomi antara negara anggota, Bekerjasama dalam meningkatkan produktiviti, Bantu negara anggota yang ada masalah ekonomi, Bantu negara anggota yang ada beban hutang, Bantu negara anggota tentang pertukaran mata wang asing yang tidak menentu	KUMPULAN G -77
Berkongsi ilmu tentang takaful, Perkenalkan produk baru dalam perbankan, Perkenalkan produk baru dalam insurans, Perkenalkan produk baru dalam kewangan	KUMPULAN LAPAN NEGARA MEMBANGUN(D-8)
Mengadili kes pencerobohan wilayah lain, Mengadili kes penghapusan etnik,	MAHKAMAH JENAYAH ANTARABANGSA/ICC
Bantu negara Timur Leste pada awal kemerdekaannya,	MAJLIS AMANAH PBB
Mengambil langkah pencegahan penyakit berbahaya seperti SARS,demam denggi dan malaria, Malaysia pernah jadi pengerusi	MAJLIS EKONOMI DAN SOSIAL PBB
Menjaga keamanan dan menghentikan pencerobohan kuasa besar, Malaysia pernah duduki kerusi tidak tetap, Selesaikan pertikaian politik antarabangsa	MAJLIS KESELAMATAN PBB
Bertukar-tukar pendapat tentang isu serantau, Bertukar-tukar pendapat tentang globalisasi, Kerjasama dalam bidang ekonomi, Kerjasama dalam politik, Kerjasama dalam social	MESYUARAT ASIA-EROPAH(ASEM)
Kanada,mexico,amerika syarikat	NAFTA
Iktiraf kerajaan Palestin, Malaysia desak Israel pulangkan wilayah yang dirampas olehnya, Menyokong perjuangan rakyat Palestin tuntut kembali hak mereka, Malaysia pernah jadi tuan rumah persidangan OIC, Malaysia cuba selesaikan konflik Iran-Iraq, Malaysia sokong perjuangan rakyat Palestin	OIC
Negara Dunia Ketiga tuntut rundingan semula beban hutang. Hal ini  kerana kenaikan kadar faedah/kejatuhan harga komoditi/pinjaman bank dikurangkan, Negara Dunia Ketiga tuntut pemindahan teknologi dari negara maju dan beban hutang negara membangun disemak semula, Negara maju diminta kurangkan rintangan perdagangan, Negara Utara diminta betulkan ketidaksamaan dalam ekonomi antarabangsa, Negara Utara diminta menghapuskan jurang yang luas antara negara membangun dengan negara maju, Negara maju diminta bantu bangunkan negara membangun, Negara maju diminta buka eksport Dunia Ketiga, Negara maju diminta pindahkan teknologi ke negara Selatan	ORDE BARU EKONOMI DUNIA
Mengakui persamaan ras, Persidangan Bumi di Rio de Janeiro, Malaysia pernah jadi Pengerusi Perhimpunan Agung PBB,	PBB
Denmark, Finland	PEJABAT KONSUL DI MALAYSIA
USA Jepun Peranchis	PEJABAT PERWAKIL AN BERTARAF KEDUTAAN
Galakkan wanita melibatkan diri dalam pelbagai sektor, Menjalankan urusan perdagangan bebas dengan semua negara, Mengakui persamaan ras, Memecahkan monopoli negara maju dalam bidang maklumat dan berita, Menghormati hak asasi manusia, Menghormati kedaulatan wilayah lain, Membincangkan pengedaran dadah dunia, Membincangkan keadaan ekonomi yang kritikal di Afrika, Menentang penjajahan, Menentang penindasan hak asasi, Menekankan kesamarataan dan kepentingan, bersama antara negara serantau	PERGERAKAN NEGARA-NEGARA BERKECUALI(NAM)
Stabilkan politik serantau, Stabilkan keselamatan serantau	PERJANJIAN ZON BEBAS SENJATA NUKLEAR ASIA TENGGARA (SEANWFZ)
Hapuskan rintangan dalam perdagangan antarabangsa	PERTUBUHAN PERDAGANGAN SEDUNIA
Perwakilan kedutaan Perwakilan agensi PBB Perwakilan Konsul	PERWAKILAN MALAYSIA
Tuntutan persempadanan bertindih	Pulau Natuna Anambas,Pulau Batu Putih,Pulau Ligitan,Pulau Sipadan
Bantu negara mundur, Tingkatkan perdagangan dengan Negara Dunia Ke3, Hubungan dengan negara membangun, Khidmat perunding Kursus jangka pendek Projek pembangunan	RANCANGAN KERJASAMA TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA
Kawasan bebas daripada senjata nuclear di asia tenggara, Kerjasama serantau dalam menghadapi pergolakan di Laos dan Kampuchea	SEANWFZ
Kemukakan laporan tahuan dalam Majlis Perhimpunan Agung,	Sekretariat PBB
Wujudkan blok perdagangan, Merapatkan jurang kemiskinan,	SIDANG KEMUNCAK  ASIA TIMUR(EAS)
Terlibat dalam kemerdekaan Namibia, Terlibat dalam gencatan senjta Iran-Iraq, Kutuk serangan Iraq terhadap Kuwait, Mencari negara ganti untuk pelarian Vietnam, Mohon bantuan daripada UNHCR untuk bantu pealarian Vietnam, Menjadi anggota Majlis Keselamatan PBB, Menjayakan persidangan pertubuhan negara pada kumpulan 77, Jadi tuan rumah kepada Persidangan Suruhanjaya Selatan-Selatan, Menggesa penghapusan dasar apartheid di afrika selatan,	SUMBANGAN MALAYSIA
Kerjasama ekonomi antara negara membangun	SURUHANJAYA SELATAN-SELATAN
Prinsip pentas benua Prinsip 360 km dari pantai Prinsip Gugusan Pulau Prinsip Garisan Meridien Kawasan carigali petroleum	ZON EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF
wujudkan keamanan di Asia Tenggara, stabikan politik di Asia Tenggara, elak campurtangan kuasa besar, elakkan ancaman komunis elak camputangan Amerika Syarikat, Selesai pertikaian secara rundingan, Tentukan nasib negara ASEAN berdasarkan hak mutlak sendiri,	ZOPFAN

Antartika & Malaysia

Antartika

Latarbelakang

Y.A.B. Perdana Menteri menimbulkan isu Antartika ketika berucap di sessi ke 37 Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) dalam bulan September 1982. Isu ini ditimbulkan sekali lagi dalam sidang kemuncak Negara-Negara Berkecuali dalam bulan Mac 1983 di mana Malaysia telah berjaya mendapatkan pengesahan dan sokongan negara-negara tersebut untuk menghendaki PBB membuat satu kajian menyeluruh mengenai Antartika dalam sessi ke 38 PBB. Lanjutan daripada desakan itu satu ketetapan telah diambil dalam sessi ke 38 PBB supaya Setiausaha Agong membuat satu kajian yang menyeluruh mengenai isu Antartika termasuk 'Antartika Treaty System' dan pengagihan sumber-sumber asli yang terdapat.

Dalam bulan November 1984 Malaysia berjaya mendapatkan ketetapan PBB untuk memasukkan isu pengagihan sumber-sumber asli Antartika dalam agenda PBB yang akan datang. Namun begitu, disebabkan bantahan daripada negara-negara 'Antartika Treaty System', terutamanya Amerika Syarikat dan Rusia, Malaysia telah tidak berjaya mendapat ketetapan untuk penubuhan Jawatankuasa Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu bagi menggantikan 'Antartika Treaty System' yang ada.

Malaysia mengganggap benua Antartika sebagai penting dari segi pengaruhnya terhadap 'ecology' dan alam keliling dan cuaca dunia. Di Antartika misalnya terdapat 90 peratus daripada air tawar dunia yang terdapat dalam bentuk air batu dan salji. Ia juga mengandungi potensi bekalan bahan-bahan makanan dan bahan-bahan mentah galian seperti besi, arang, uranium, pelambam, nikel, kobalt, zeng, tembaga, timah, emas, perak, platinum, kromium, minyak dan gas. Di Antartika juga terdapat haiwan dan tumbuhan yang jarang terdapat di tempat-tempat lain. Benua Antartika juga dianggap strategis dari segi perhubungan memandangkan kedudukannya yang dikelilingi oleh empat buah lautan. Berdasarkan kepada fakta-fakta tersebut, Malaysia menyeru supaya Benua Antartika dijadikan warisan bersama untuk faedah bersama (common heritage for the common benefit) bagi seluruh dunia.

Rasional

Pada masa ini pengurusan mengenai hal ehwal Antartika dibuat oleh wakil-wakil negara-negara yang menjadi ahli Antartika Treaty (December 1959). Malaysia berpendapat sistem tersebut hanya menguntungkan segolongan kecil ahli-ahli Antartika Treaty System. Struktur keahlian yang bercorak dua tingkatan (two-tier) adalah tidak adil kerana keputusan hanya boleh dibuat oleh 16 buah negara, ahli asal perjanjian tersebut, sungguh pun 12 buah negara lagi adalah menjadi ahli bersama. Sebaliknya 12 buah negara-negara ini hanya dibenarkan membuat kajian tanpa mempunyai kuasa untuk mengundi atau membuat keputusan. Ini adalah bertentangan dengan matlamat asal perjanjian asal di mana Antartika sepatutnya diurus oleh satu rejim antarabangsa untuk faedah manusia seluruhnya. Lagi pun, kedudukan dalam tahun 1959 semasa Antartika Treaty System diputuskan adalah jauh berbeza dengan kedudukan sekarang. PBB pula masa ini terdiri daripada 160 negara di mana kebanyakan daripada mereka adalah terdiri daripada negara-negara sedang membangun. Oleh itu, hak-hak dan aspirasi-aspirasi serta pandangan-pandangan mereka juga patut diberi pertimbangan dalam rejim antarabangsa Antartika.

Pengurusan mengenai Antartika yang berdasarkan sistem keistimewaan ini adalah tidak memuaskan. Negara-negara ahli asal telah mengadakan beberapa mesyuarat tertutup untuk penubuhan rejim bahan-bahan galian (minerals regime) untuk tujuan perlombongan bahan-bahan galian di kawasan-kawasan tertentu mereka. Negara-negara bukan ahli tidak diberitahu langsung tentang keputusan yang dicapai dalam mesyuarat-mesyuarat tertutup ini. Dengan adanya Konvensyen Undang-Undang Laut Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (Sea-Bed Convention on the Law of the Sea) dan cadangan mendirikan satu Jawatankuasa Antarabangsa 'Sea-Bed' (International Sea-Bed Authority), maka rejim galian (Minerals Regime) yang dicadangkan oleh ahli-ahli perjanjian di Antartika adalah didapati bertentangan dengan kebanyakan negara-negara lain.

Pada pendapat Malaysia, rejim galian (Mineral regime) ini adalah satu lagi percubaan oleh ahli-ahli perjanjian untuk memperluaskan lagi kuasa mereka. Lagipun, aktiviti-aktiviti perlombongan bahan-bahan galian, jika tidak dikawal dengan rapi, boleh dan mungkin merosakkan sistem 'ecology' yang terdapat di situ, dan ini akan melibatkan dunia keseluruhannya.

Objektif

Matlamat-matlamat konsep warisan bersama yang disuarakan oleh Malaysia ialah:-

• Bahan-bahan Antartika digunakan untuk faedah manusia.
• 'Ecology' dan alam sekitar dipertahankan.
• Kerjasama dan penyelarasan antarabangsa dalam kajian saintifik dan lain-lain.
• Antartika digunakan untuk menggalakkan 'disarmament', 'denuclearisation' dan 'demilitarisation'.

Strategi Pelaksanaan

Selain daripada ahli-ahli 'Antartika Treaty Sistem', negara-negara yang lain telah memberi sokongan kepada pendirian Malaysia. Ini terbukti dengan kejayaan Malaysia memasukkan isu pengagihan bahan-bahan galian di Antartika dalam agenda Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa yang akan datang pada tahun 1985. Pada pendapat ahli-ahli perjanjian, percubaan untuk menukarkan sistem yang telah diuruskan selama 24 tahun mungkin akan menimbulkan ketidak-stabilan di Antartika.

Rumusan

Adalah diharapkan bahawa pendirian serta cadangan Malaysia untuk membuat Antartika sebagai Warisan Bersama untuk faedah bersama seluruh benua akan mendatangkan faedah pada pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu tahun ini.

Sumber : Raminah Hj Sabran (2006). Pengajian Am 900/1. Selangor : Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.

Essay: human capital (modal insan)

Growing gaps in Malaysia’s human capital

by Jonathan Wong. Posted on July 7, 2013, Sunday

Each year, about 400,000 young Malaysians sit for their Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia, the passing of which will lead them down the path of universities and colleges, while some opt for vocational training in either private or public institutions.

Despite all that, more than 25 per cent of these young human capitals do not fall within that category with some opting to pursue their own business ventures, find a job or remaining idle at home.

The official unemployment rate for Malaysia for the last five years has been hovering at circa three per cent, which comes up to less than one million of the current population.

In 2008, the unemployed rate for those aged 15 to 24 was 11 per cent or about 230,000 people. This accounted for 60 per cent of the unemployed, according to the Malaysia Millennium Development Goals 2010 Report.

Those aged 15 to 19 had an unemployment rate of 18 per cent and accounted for more than 20 per cent of the unemployed.

To further highlight the problem, about 62 per cent of businesses in Malaysia are finding it hard to source skilled workers, according to the latest Thornton International Business Report.

“The survey also revealed that in the Asean region, the shortage of specific or technical skills was the most significant factor for businesses in Vietnam (86 per cent), followed by the Philippines (76 per cent) and thirdly in Malaysia (68 per cent),” the group noted. “This was followed closely by Singapore (66 per cent).

“The survey highlighted other factors that hindered recruitment in Malaysia, such as the lack of appropriate work experience (63 per cent) and also shortage of general employability skills, particularly teamwork and communication in English (62 per cent),” the report said.

An important factor

In a nutshell, SJ Grant Thornton country managing partner Datuk NK Jasani underscored the importance of human capital for businesses.

“A business is nothing without its people, just as a strategy is nothing without the people to drive it forward,” he said. “The best people boost productivity, save a business time and money, and ultimately grow the organisation.

“The shortage of skilled workers reported by business leaders should, therefore, provoke real concern, especially at a time when unemployment is running high in many mature markets.”

Jasani said there could be improving dialogue between education institutions and business leaders to embed the necessary skills in students.

“However, this is happening at a less than desired pace,” he said. “In the meantime, the fastest-moving sectors such as technology and clean-tech are reporting the most serious recruitment difficulties.”

The human resources ministry was previously quoted as saying that the target is to have 37 per cent skilled workers by 2015, which will ensure malaysia reaches the goal to be a developed nation by 2020.

With the figure at 23 per cent as of 2011, it appears malaysia may need to revise or restrategise the said target.

One sector of particular highlight is the construction history, with Master Builders Association Malaysia outlining the acute shortage of skilled workers possibly jeopardising government projects under the 10th Malaysia Plan and the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP).

In November last year, it was reported by the media that then Deputy Minister for International Trade and Industry Minister said the oil and gas sector needed over 40,000 skilled workers by 2015.

Oil and gas is a major income earner for Malaysia and any disruption to production can be a costly situation for the country.

The Real Estate and Housing Developers Association Malaysia (Rehda) has also been quoted saying that the construction industry and indirectly the property sector in Malaysia has been experiencing critical shortage of skilled workers such as carpenters, plumbers, electricians, chargemen and tillers.

Malaysia is in an interesting dilemma. There is a haemorrhaging of young manpower on a yearly basis and on the other hand there is an acute shortage of skilled workers in just about every industry. This has been the situation for more than 20 years and the quick and convenient solution has been to import foreign labour.

Malaysia is the largest importer of foreign labour in Asia at 1.9 million as of 2011 , and that constitutes 21 per cent of the workforce, according to Evelyn Devadason, a visiting fellow at the Australian National university and associate professor at the University of Malaya.

Affected Sectors: A Closer Look

Taking a closer look at which sectors in particular that is being affected, Kelly Services (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (Kelly Services), managing director, Melissa Norman noted that there is great demand for technical skills specifically in the area of engineering, technology and niche functional roles.

“As the country focuses on building a high income economy, the critical factor would be the skilled workforce that would drive the increase in the average income,” she stated in an interview with BizHive Weekly

“Industries that see an impact are particularly in manufacturing, telecommunications, renewable energy, oil & gas as well as information technology,” she added.

Because of this, she said, there was also a fear of using foreign workers are being lured in to fill the gap.

“It is an undoubted fact that this would continue as Malaysia develops and acquire talent that can fulfill the immediate need within the industry.

Source: Jobstreet

“In curbing this, Talent Corporation has been on the look-out for bringing Malaysian talent home. Although there is progress, this initiative would require more time before there is evident numbers to support the growing demands of skilled talent in Malaysia.

“Until that happens, organizations will have no alternative but to bring in foreign talent, and as we’ve seen many organization run programs that are related to transfer knowledge to ensure eventual transition does take place across to our local talents.”

Meanwhole, Jobstreet’s country manager, Chook Yuh Yng, when contacted by BizHive Weekly noted otherwise, stating that, “Safe to say, employers in Malaysia typically prefer to hire locals, unless there are specific skillsets that can only be fulfilled by non-locals or foreigners such as management or finance, which require international expertise or experiences.

“Typically, companies in Malaysia are only allowed to hire foreigners when they can prove that Malaysians aren’t able or willing to do that job.”

Women in the Workforce

A recent business report (IBR) released by Grant Thornton International indicated that Malaysia has the highest number of women in the workforce at 40 per cent in comparison to other countries in Asean.

This promising data is testament that there more women are encouraged to join the workforce.

“In the course of our work, we have seen women dive into roles that are fairly specialised, such as engineering. This trend will continue as women are more bold today in advancing themselves in careers that are beyond the norm,” noted Norman from Kelly Services.

Despite the high number of women in the workforce, Jobstreet’s Chook highlighted that according to World Bank research, the participation rate of Malaysian women in the workforce however, stands at 46 per cent, considerably lower compared to Asean peers and other countries with similar development and income levels.

“While qualified women may join the workforce in larger numbers in the beginning of their careers, their numbers begin to decline as they quit formal employment.

“Also in our latest survey, majority of respondents believe their workplace practices gender equality when it comes to delegating job assignments and salary distribution. Sixty-one per cent of respondents feel there is no salary gap among the same position level for male and female staff in their organisation,” Chook explained.

Supply or Demand issue?

Since 1971, a multitude of policies and government projects have been rolled out to include ways for improving the development of industries and job creation.

These projects came with much support from both public and private sector and Malaysia job creation had overtaken human resource development. The country was unable to keep up with the demand for skilled labour.

Add this with the temptation of better wages outside the country made it hard for the skilled Malaysian worker to resist.

Looking at Malaysia’s closest neighbor, Singapore, a skilled worker earning RM3,500 could be earning S$3,500 with the cost of living within the same range.

Due to that, the argument that was brought up was that the jobs were not attractive enough for the locals to engage.

Norman of Kelly Services enthused that Malaysia’s success in transforming itself into an upper middle-income nation is the result of consistent and substantial investments in human capital development.

However, in aspiring to further transform into a high income, advanced nation by the end of the decade, the country’s requirements for top talent are urgent and immediate.

“Malaysia needs to raise its benchmark for human capital management in order to secure the needed talent,” she highlighted.

“If at all we see locals struggle to appreciate the roles available in the market, it would most likely be due to the fact that the non-skilled roles are limited to specific areas that may not be lucrative or exciting.

“As such, Malaysians would need to improve in skills such as spoken and written English, as this basic requirement is somehow lacking in many Malaysians today. Besides that, there is definitely more opportunities in niche, skilled roles to which much up-skilling and experience is required amongst keen job seekers,” she noted.

Jobstreet’s Chook however gave a different angle at this by noting that generally, many people mistakenly believe that making a lot of money will make them happy in their chosen field.

“In reality, high salary is not the only factor relating to job attraction and talent retention. We can say for sure that Malaysian workers are looking for a lot more than a salary boost.

“Among the top factors include employer’s branding, work challenge, work life balance, and career advancement.”

Chook elaborated that employer branding was due to the fact that top performers want to work for a winning team. Organisational success, growth, reputation, and innovation and stable organisations all contribute to attracting talent.

When an organisation commit to building a trustworthy employer branding as mentioned above, she said they tend to attract more top talent.

On work challenge, Chook stated, “From our Job Satisfaction survey conducted late last year, the no.1 reason people are unhappy at work is tackling their job scope. Challenge is typically the most important attribute sought after by talent.

“A good organisation should always challenge their employees to motivate them to produce meaningful contributions which allows them to refine and develop new skills, and ultimately to be more competitive at their workplace.”

On work life balance, she also explained flexible working arrangement wherever possible is something that many young employees want employers to incorporate in their offering.

In the long run, this aspect is important for employee engagement, as individuals who do not manage this balance are at risk of burnout or demotivation.

For employees, career advancement is no doubt an important aspect of the perception they have toward their job is based on their opportunity for promotion and career advancement.

Even if the salary offered may be higher in the beginning, it does not mean that the opportunity for career growth is visible in the company. The ability to advance one’s career is significantly important to top performer.

“At the end of the day, people will make decisions based on what is best for their long term career satisfaction. If these issues aren’t being addressed in an organization’s recruitment process or if an organisation is just attracting talent based on attractive salary package alone, it’s time to start over and re-strategise.

“Employer’s branding is very important and human resource should come in to play build, attract and retain more local talent.”

“There could be improving dialogue between education institutions and business leaders to impart the necessary skills in students. However, this is happening at a less than desired pace. In the meantime, the fastest-moving sectors such as technology and clean-tech are reporting the most serious recruitment difficulties,” Chook highlighted.

Deterrent for investments

While the country tries to address these labour issues, foreign investments keep coming in and along with it, more jobs. The International Trade and Industry Ministry announced that investments worth RM162.4 billion (US$52.5 billion) had poured in and 182,841 jobs were created. However, due to the lack of skilled labour that is available locally, this could well lead to becoming a deterrent for foreign investors to invest into Malaysia.

The Jobstreet country manager acknowledges this and opined that, “ Sure, it correlated. But we do not foresee any huge decrease in foreign investment as Malaysia has the best conditions to lure investors with its central and strategic location and many companies do focus on small and medium entrepreneurs as well.

But Norman however does not share this similar sentiment. Norman felt that Malaysia’s lack of skilled workers is the country’s biggest impediment in attracting investors; the lack of skilled workers in Malaysia does effect investor’s decision on Malaysia as being the country of choice.

This is mainly due to the concern of establishing a business with higher business cost, as there may be a need to acquire skilled workers out of the country.

Training versus Salary

Some parties argue that the reason for the shortage was also due to the lack of training while others say it was due to the lack of growth in real wages in Malaysia, skilled labour prefer to migrate for greener pastures.

Chook slated that there is never a one view fits all answer to this issue. The labour shortage issue cannot be addressed without understanding some of its root causes, and these problems are deep rooted.

“There are essentially two reasons for Malaysians migrating. The first is the push factor such as the lack of fair and just treatment irrespective of race and religion, diminishing quality of education, the increasing lack of creative, common and human liberties, and the overall quality of life. The second is a lack of attractive and enticing pull factors.

“Also, simply increasing wages to lure and capture the necessary skills and talent is no longer valid as people are looking at a higher quality of life. In line with the country’s ambition to become a developed nation, we need to benchmark our talent situation to begin assessing our issues.

“Some of the benchmark we can look at is quality of education, graduate employability, workforce productivity and livability. TalentCorp Malaysia, an agency set up by the Government in 2011, had been designed to streamline the performance of the local labour market and attract Malaysians working abroad to return home,” she stated.

Chook further added that, “I believe various measures have been taken at the national, regional and sector level to improve these areas, like MOHR Strategic plan 2011-2015, Pemandu’s National Talent Enrichment Programme (NTEP) and the ETP through Greater Kuala Lumpur to transform the city.”

Kelly Services’ Norman concurred with, this noting that both views are of equal merit, as it was a combination of many factors that has lead the talent challenges for skilled talent to continue.

“In the effort to build skilled talent within the country, there have been organizations who have failed to ensure that the relevant training were conducted to guarantee the transfer of knowledge and business continuity.

“Whilst that remains true, many Malaysians have also chosen to migrate for the sheer fact of a better income and a quality lifestyle. We will see this trend continue as the market as we see it today has limited boundaries for talent mobility,” she opined.

On a general note, Chook believed that the first step into getting the right talent was by attracting and give them a good impression of the company while Norman enthused that there would have to be consistent efforts in bringing Malaysians back whilst the nation continues to build a talent pipelines in sectors that would drive the focus on creating a high income economy.

“No doubt that it would be to churn skilled talent with the relevant experience,” said Norman.

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